The typical grammar patterns ∼てあげます, てくれます, てもらいます are often used when expressing "someone doing something for someone else" or "being done something by someone." However, there are some differences among them. Let's explore them with TODAI Japanese!

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1. Grammar pattern ∼てあげます:

1.1. Meaning of the grammar pattern:

- The grammar structure ∼てあげます is used to talk about "doing something for someone" (from the speaker's perspective).

- N1 (the giver) can be omitted if N1 is the speaker.

1.2. Grammar structure:

N1 (the giver) は N2 (the receiver) に ＋ Vてあげる

• Examples:

好きなら、ちょっと貸してあげる。(If you like, I'll lend it to you for a bit.)

マナちゃんにドルを買ってあげました。(I bought a doll for Mana-chan.)

2. Grammar pattern ∼てくれます:

2.1. Meaning of the grammar pattern:

- The grammar structure "∼てくれます" is used to express the meaning of "someone doing something for me" or "getting something done by someone for oneself."

- "私に" (to me) can be omitted.

- N2 (the receiver) can be oneself or a family member.

2.2. Grammar structure:

N1 (the giver) は/が N2 (the receiver) に ＋ Vてくれる

• Examples:

リンちゃん、妹にギターを教えてくれるか？(Rin-chan, can you teach my sister how to play the guitar?)

お母さん、このドレスを買ってくれますか？(Mom, can you buy this dress for me?)

田中さん、あのボルペンを取ってくれますか？(Tanaka-san, can you get that ballpoint pen for me?)

3. Grammar pattern ∼てもらいます:

3.1. Meaning of the grammar pattern:

- The grammar structure ∼てもらいます is used to express the meaning of "asking someone to do something for oneself" or "receiving help from someone."

- The receiver is the speaker themselves, and the subject of the sentence can be omitted.

3.2. Grammar structure:

N1 (the receiver) は/が N2 (the giver) に ＋ Vてもらう

• Note:

The grammar pattern てもらいます implies asking for or requesting help from someone.

The grammar pattern ∼てくれます can be used when the giver does something without prior request or favor from the receiver.

• Examples:

父に車を貸してもらいました。(I borrowed a car from my father.)

花さんにお金を貸してもらいます。(I borrowed money from Hana-san.)

The above are the characteristics, structures, meanings, and examples of each grammar pattern: てあげます (doing something for someone), てくれます (someone doing something for me), and てもらいます (getting something done by someone for oneself).
 

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