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Vocabulary Kanji Example Grammar Japanese - Japanese
の[上「うえ」]では => As… N4
Situations and Experiences
はずだ => It should be A, it ought to be A N4
Sentence Endings
はずがない => Cannot be A, should not be A N4
Sentence Endings
はずだ => It should be A, it ought to be A N3
Sentence Endings
ずにはおかない/ないではおかない => Will definitely A, N1
Will, Decision, Doing
ずにはすまない/ないではすまない => A must be done N1
Potential, Possibility
[上「うえ」]は => Because of A, B can't be helped/is expected N2
Reason, Result, Response
とはいえ => Even though A, although it is said that A N1
Contrast/Surprise
さえ／にさえ／でさえ => Even N3
Not only, Not even
ずにはいられない／ないではいられない => Can't help but A; A is unavoidable N2
Will, Decision, “Doing”
の[末「すえ」]／た[末「すえ」] => conclusion N2
Reason, Result, Response
ずに => Without A..ing N4
Verb Suffixes