葷

strong-smelling vegetable (esp. garlic, onion, Chinese chives, Chinese scallion, Japanese garlic)

葷酒

くんしゅ

garlic and wine

葷辛

くんしん

pungent vegetable (e.g. garlic, onion, etc)

五葷

ごくん

five pungent roots (in Buddhism or Taoism)

葷羶

くんせん

pungent vegetables and raw-smelling meat

三厭五葷

さんえんごくん

meat and the five pungent roots (avoided in Buddhist cuisine)

菜種菜

なたねな ナタネナ

rape (seed oil plant, Brassica campestris)

菜

な さい

side dish

干菜

ほしな

dried leaves (esp. of daikon and turnip)

京菜

きょうな

mizuna (Brassica rapa var. nipposinica), potherb mustard

根菜

こんさい

root crops

惣菜

そうざい

side dish, daily (household) dish

菜箸

さいばし

long chopsticks (for cooking, serving, etc.)

高菜

たかな タカナ

leaf mustard (Brassica juncea var. integrifolia), mustard greens

杉菜

すぎな スギナ

field horsetail (Equisetum arvense), common horsetail

水菜

みずな ミズナ

mizuna (Brassica rapa var. nipposinica), potherb mustard

野菜

やさい

vegetable

苦菜

にがな ニガナ

Ixeris dentata (species of the daisy family)

菜単

さいたん

menu (at a Chinese restaurant)